Charlton's Baseball Chronology
A Day-By-Day Tour of Baseball History
Charlton's Baseball Chronology, compiled by James Charlton and an army of fifty researchers, remains the definitive chronicle of every important event throughout baseball history. First published in 1991, it includes all the great moments in the major leagues, individual highlights from the majors and minors, Negro leagues, Japanese leagues, Latin American ball and collegiate baseball.
To make the book more accessible to an online audience, BaseballLibrary.com has compiled a timeline of baseball history below; you may jump to individual seasons using the year-by-year timeline to the left of each era.
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Baseball's Key Eras |
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| The Early Years |
| Contrary to the Doubleday-Cooperstown myth created by the Spalding Commission, baseball evolved rather than having been invented. From the first recorded game in 1845, through the establishment of professional teams in the 1860s and leagues in the 1870s, the 19th century was baseball's formative period in which the basic rules and structures of the game gradually assumed the form we know today. Key Players - Cap Anson, Hugh Duffy, Wee Willie Keeler, John McGraw, Ed Delahanty, Amos Rusie, Kid Nichols Return to Top | |
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| The Dead-Ball Era |
| Runs were scarce during the first two decades of 20th-century baseball as pitchers like Cy Young, Christy Mathewson and Walter Johnson dominated the action. Legendary stars like Ty Cobb, Honus Wagner and Tris Speaker used speed and basepath bravado to generate offense in a game that seldom witnessed a home run. These years also saw the establishment of National and American League hegemony (leading to the birth of the World Series), the production of modern steel-structured downtown stadiums for every major league team, and the devastating "Black Sox" scandal of 1919 that threatened to drop baseball from its exalted standing in American sports. Other Key Players - Nap Lajoie, Eddie Collins, Joe Jackson, Grover Cleveland Alexander, Jack Chesbro, Rube Waddell, Addie Joss, Mordecai "Three Finger" Brown Other Key Teams - 1902 Pirates, 1906 Cubs, 1909 Pirates Return to Top | |
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| Baseball Between the Wars |
| Aided by the introduction of the lively ball and the unprecedented power surge of Babe Ruth, offense exploded during the 20's and 30's as the home run became baseball's defining act. With sluggers like Ruth, Lou Gehrig and Joe DiMaggio leading the way, the New York Yankees began a five-decade run as the sports' dominant franchise. In addition, baseball between the wars witnessed the advent of several trends that have stayed with us to the current day, including specialized relief pitching, minor-league farm systems, night games and radio broadcasts. Other Key Players - Rogers Hornsby, Hack Wilson, Jimmie Foxx, Hank Greenberg, Al Simmons, George Sisler, Mel Ott, Carl Hubbell, Lefty Grove, Waite Hoyt Other Key Teams - 1927 Yankees, 1931 Athletics, 1939 Yankees Return to Top | |
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| The War Years |
| World War II interrupted the careers of many of baseball's brightest stars. Joe DiMaggio, Ted Williams and Bob Feller, among others, sacrificed significant chunks of their prime years in service of their country. Other Key Players - Phil Cavarretta, Vern Stephens, Bobby Doerr, Hal Newhouser, Spud Chandler Other Key Teams - 1942 Cardinals Return to Top | |
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| Baseball in Transition |
| Two events would change baseball irrevocably in the years following World War II. At the center of both were the Brooklyn Dodgers, who in 1947 made Jackie Robinson the first African-American to play in a major-league game this century. Many others, as well as Latin and Asian players, soon followed Robinson's path as the national pastime began to more closely resemble the populace. Equally important in the game's chronology was the Dodgers' and rival New York Giants' move to the West Coast in 1958 as baseball grew beyond its eastern and midwestern roots. Soon, jets replaced trains as the prime method of player travel, and national television broadcasts helped the game reach a wider audience. Other Key Players - Ted Williams, Stan Musial, Mickey Mantle, Duke Snider, Willie Mays, Roy Campanella, Ernie Banks, Hank Aaron, Warren Spahn, Don Newcombe, Robin Roberts, Early Wynn Other Key Teams - 1954 Indians Return to Top | |
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| Owner-Managed Growth |
| In 1961 and 1962 the major leagues added eight games onto their traditional 154-game season to accommodate the admission of four new franchises. This first round of expansion was repeated in 1969 as the major leagues moved from its early 20th-century origins of two eight-team leagues to four divisions of six teams each. The new configuration also generated a new round of post-season play as teams no longer qualified for the World Series merely by owning their league's best record. Pitching would reassert its primacy in these years as star hurlers like Sandy Koufax and Bob Gibson terrorized opposing lineups. After the 1968 season, when Carl Yastrzemski won the AL batting crown with a record-low .301 clip, owners undertook a series of initiatives to reinvigorate offense, culminating with the introduction of the designated hitter
to the American League in 1973. Other Key Players - Roger Maris, Frank Robinson, Brooks Robinson, Harmon Killebrew, Lou Brock, Reggie Jackson, Rod Carew, Pete Rose, Johnny Bench, Joe Morgan, Jim Palmer, Steve Carlton, Tom Seaver, Nolan Ryan Other Key Teams - 1961 Yankees, 1969 Orioles, 1975 Reds Return to Top | |
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| The Free-Agent Era |
| Salaries skyrocketed as players took full advantage of their newly won right to shop themselves to the highest bidder. Labor conflicts became more prominent than ever before as lengthy strikes in 1981 and 1994 strained fan loyalty almost to the breaking point. In recent years, however, the new economics of the game have been driven by the construction of numerous "retro" stadiums designed to evoke nostalgia for baseball's past and provide cash cows for owners. On the field, hitting dominated to an extent that dwarfed even the fireworks of the 30's. Exceptions like Roger Clemens and Greg Maddux notwithstanding, pitching has never been in shorter supply. Led by sluggers like Mark McGwire, Sammy Sosa and Ken Griffey Jr., batting records have fallen at dizzying paces as outfield fences moved in and hitters bulked up. Other Key Players - Rickey Henderson, Cal Ripken, George Brett, Wade Boggs, Mike Schmidt, Barry Bonds, Eddie Murray, Juan Gonzalez, Tony Gwynn, Frank Thomas, Albert Belle, Pedro Martinez, Dennis Eckersley, Randy Johnson Other Key Teams - 1986 Mets, 1998 Yankees Return to Top | |
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