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BaseballLibrary.com
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Fred Merkle
1888-1956

1B 1907-20, 25-26 Giants, Dodgers, Cubs, Yankees

Fred Merkle's Teammates

GamesAverageHRRBI
Career 1637.27361733
World Series 27.23918

Books and articles about Fred Merkle

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Book Excerpts
» 1908: Forty-Five Feet Toward Immortality
» New York Giants: A Baseball Album: Fred Merkle

Fred Merkle is forever famous for his bonehead play on September 23, 1908, which cost the Giants a critical victory and made possible the Cubs' pennant-clinching victory when the game was replayed at the end of the season. The play itself was clouded by contradictory affidavits by players, conflicting opinions by various baseball officials, and protests lodged by both teams over the umpires' handling of the incident.

The confusion started when Merkle, the runner on first, failed to touch second after an apparent game-winning base hit. Instead, he turned back toward the dugout, as was customary at the time, when he saw the run cross the plate. As the happy Polo Grounds crowd filed across the field towards the centerfield gate, second baseman Johnny Evers got the ball and stepped on second, claiming a forceout which negated the winning run. With the fans already crowding the field, the game could not be played to a decision, and had to be replayed.

When the season ended with the two teams tied, a group of Giants, led by Christy Mathewson, went to owner John T. Brush. They claimed they shouldn't have to play another game for something they had already won. The gravely ill Brush expressed disappointment at their attitude, and they played and lost. Whatever the merits of the case, it was one of baseball's most controversial plays and it haunted Merkle not just for the rest of his playing days, but all his life. He bitterly refused requests for interviews in later years because he didn't want to relive the incident.

He was 19 at the time and had played in only 35 games that season; after the loss of the playoff game, he intended to quit the game, but McGraw persuaded him to come back. He was still affected by the incident in 1909, hitting just .187, but McGraw stayed with him.

Merkle cost the Giants $2,500. The 6'1" 190-lb righthanded first baseman was one of the fastest big men the game had seen. In eight different years he stole 20 or more bases, with a career high of 49 in 1911, when the Giants stole a record 347. He was the cleanup hitter, but not a long-ball threat.

Merkle was involved in another crucial lapse in the last game of the 1912 World Series. After Fred Snodgrass dropped a fly ball in the 10th inning, Tris Speaker popped up foul between home and first. Merkle and catcher Chief Meyers let it drop between them. Speaker then singled in the tying run and the Red Sox went on to win the game and the Series.

Merkle was one of the first to take up bridge and golf, when those games were unknown to most players. In 1913 he fell into two batting slumps. McGraw discovered he had been playing golf with reporters before going to the Polo Grounds. He stopped Merkle's golfing, and golf was taboo on the Giants during the remainder of McGraw's tenure. But Merkle, McGraw, and Mathewson continued to play bridge.

In late 1916 the Dodgers' first baseman, Jake Daubert, injured an ankle. The Dodgers wanted Merkle, and McGraw traded him for catcher Lew McCarty. He would end up in another World Series. Traded to the Cubs in 1917, he got into his fifth World Series the next year; every one of them had been with a losing team. As a coach with the Yankees in 1926 he was again on the losing side in a Series.

He played in the International League 1921-25 and managed in the low minors for a few years. (NLM)


Contribute your recollections of Fred Merkle by clicking here.
FROM THE BASEBALL CHRONOLOGY
» September 21, 1907: Against the Reds, New York jumps to a 6-0 lead against Charlie Smith, and Christy Mathewson coasts to a 6-2 win. Fred Merkle makes his first appearance for the Giants, playing 2B.

» June 23, 1908: The Braves and Giants split a doubleheader a the Polo Grounds, with the Giant taking the opener 6-3 and the Braves winning the nitecap, 9-7. Christy Mathewson preserves Joe McGinnity's win in game 1, pitching a perfect 9th inning; in the nitecap, he relieves Dummy Taylor in the 9th with the score 7-7, but the Braves score twice for the win. Fred Merkle cracks his 1st ML homer, against Patsy Flaherty, in the nitecap.

» September 23, 1908: Giants P Christy Mathewson and Cubs P Three Finger Brown battle in the most controversial game ever played. The score is 1-1, with two outs in the last of the 9th. The Giants' Harry McCormick is on 3B, and Fred Merkle (19, and making his first start of the year, is subbing for the sore-legged veteran Fred Tenney), on 1B. Al Bridwell singles, scoring McCormick. Halfway to 2B, Merkle turns and heads for the clubhouse in CF. Johnny Evers secures a ball (Joe McGinnity swears he picked up the ball that was in play and threw it into the stands) and touches 2B as the crowd overruns the field. Umpire Hank O'Day at 1B claims he didn't see the play, but that evening he rules the run does not count, and the game ended with a tie score. (Years later, in an interview, Merkle will describe it this way: "When Bridwell shot that long single, I started across the grass for the clubhouse. Matty was near me. When Evers began shouting for the ball, he noticed something was wrong. Matty caught me by the arm and told me to wait a minute. We walked over toward 2B, and Matty spoke to [Bob] Emslie. ‘How about this, Bob, is there any trouble with the score of the play?' ‘It's all right,' said Emslie. ‘You've got the game. I don't see anything wrong with the play.' Matty then took me by the arm and we walked to the clubhouse confident that we had won the game.")

» May 2, 1910: At Washington Park, Christy Mathewson pitches a beautiful one-hitter to beat Brooklyn, 6–0. Only an error by Fred Merkle on a Zack Wheat grounder in the 7th and a disputed hit in the 8th mar Matty's performance. In the 8th inning, Pryor McElveen hits a grounder to short, but 3B Art Devlin cuts in front and his throw is low to 1B. It is ruled a hit even though the New York Times called it an error: its headline tomorrow proclaims "Brooklyn Gets No-hit By Mathewson."

» June 29, 1910: At the Polo Grounds, Christy Mathewson relieves in the 9th with the Giants ahead of the Phils, 2–0. The Quakers rattle Matty for four hits and two runs to tie, but in the bottom of the 10th, Mathewson lines a single to score Fred Merkle with the game winner.

» May 13, 1911: At Hilltop Park, Fred Merkle has six RBIs in one inning—on a double and a Fred Merkle inside-the-park home run—as the Giants tee off on three St. Louis pitchers for 13 runs in the first inning, including seven before an out is recorded. Merkle adds a 3-run double in the inning and then scores the last run on the front end of a successful double steal. The spree ties a first inning major-league record enjoyed by the Boston Beaneaters against the St. Louis Cardinals in 1900, and it remains a Giants club record through the 20th century. John McGraw decides to save starter Christy Mathewson for another day and lifts him after one inning, but the official scorer credits Matty with the win. McGraw wants to give Marquard some experience in pitching without pressure and brings in Rube to finish. He works the last eight innings and strikes out 14, setting a 20th century National League record, and a since broken ML record, for strikeouts by a reliever: Walter Johnson will K 15 batters in 1913 and Randy Johnson will match it in 2001, while Denny McLain will rack up 14 in 1965. The Giants roll, 19–5, pinning the loss on Harry Sallee.

» June 5, 1911: At Chicago, the Giants jump on Harry McIntire for seven runs in the 9th to win, 7–1. New York is led by Fred Merkle who doubles and triples in the big inning. Christy Mathewson wins for New York, to even the series at two games apiece and keep New York atop the NL.

» July 15, 1911: Fred Merkle drives in four runs on a single and 3-run homer and the Giants beat the Reds, 4–1. Christy Mathewson tops Harry Gaspar, and has now beaten the Reds 20 straight times.

» April 20, 1912: After hitting the game-winning home run in the 11th inning to beat the Reds, 5–4, Cubs OF Jimmy Sheckard forgets and heads for the clubhouse after touching 2B. Teammates yell to him to complete the circuit, which he does. The manager of the Reds is Hank O'Day, who was the umpire that day in 1908 when Fred Merkle failed to touch 2B.

» August 3, 1912: At the Polo Grounds, the Giants score runs on two solo homers by Fred Merkle and one by Beals Becker, off Art Fromme, to beat the Reds, 3–2. In a typical game, Christy Mathewson scatters 10 hits and walks none for the win. Armando Marsans is 4-for-4 for the Reds.

» August 16, 1912: In Chicago, the Giants score twice in the opening frame off Jim Lavender to knock out the would-be Giant killer and go on to win, 7–4. Fred Merkle and Larry Doyle pull off a double steal in the inning, with Doyle on the front end. Jeff Tesreau puzzles the locals and the Cubs drop six games behind the Giants.

» August 24, 1912: Fred Merkle's 3-run homer off Babe Adams in the 7th to give the Giants a 3–2 lead over Pittsburgh, and Christy Mathewson pitches the last three innings to preserve Hooks Wiltse win over the Bucs. The Giants won a pair yesterday from the Bucs by one-run scores.

» October 16, 1912: In the Series finale, Christy Mathewson squares off against Hugh Bedient in quest of his first win of the Series. He takes a 1–0 lead into the 7th, but with one out, Boston manager Jake Stahl hits a pop-up to short LF. The ball drops among Art Fletcher, Josh Devore, and Fred Snodgrass. Heinie Wagner walks, and with two outs, pinch hitter Olaf Henriksen doubles home the tying run. Smoky Joe Wood relieves Bedient, and the two aces match zeroes until Red Murray doubles and Fred Merkle singles in the 10th to give New York a 2–1 lead. In the last of the 10th, pinch hitter Clyde Engle lifts a can of corn to CF Snodgrass, who drops the ball. Snodgrass then makes a great catch of a long drive by Harry Hooper. Steve Yerkes walks, bringing up Tris Speaker, who pops a high foul along the 1B line. C Chief Meyers chases it, but it drops a few feet from 1B Merkle, who could have taken it easily. Reprieved, Speaker then singles in the tying run and sends Yerkes to 3B. After Duffy Lewis is walked intentionally, 3B Larry Gardner hits a long sac fly to a retreating Devore that scores Yerkes with the winning run. This World Series was the most butterfingered in history, with thirty-one errors recorded, seventeen for The Giants. The Red Sox earn $4,024.68 each; the Giants' share is $2,566.47 each.

» July 22, 1913: New York sweeps two from Pittsburgh, winning 8–3 and 2–1 in 11 innings. Al Demaree wins the rout in the opener, and former Pirate Art Fromme, in relief of Christy Mathewson, picks up the victory in the 2nd game. Fred Merkle drives home George Burns to win for New York. The Giants now lead the NL by eight games.

» August 26, 1913: Cincinnati's Chief Johnson surrenders just three hits to New York, but loses a 1–0 decision to Christy Mathewson. Fred Merkle triples in the 7th and scores the only run.

» July 5, 1915: At the Polo Grounds, Phils ace Grover Cleveland Alexander fires a one-hitter to win, 2–0. The only baserunner for the Giants is Fred Merkle, who doubles off Pete in the second inning.

» July 6, 1915: Pete Alexander fires his third one-hitter of the season, with the Giants Fred Merkle getting the lone hit. He doubles in the 2nd for New York's only baserunner in the game.

» May 4, 1916: Christy Mathewson, beset with back problems, makes his first start of the year, losing to the Braves, 7–6, in 10 innings. Matty goes the distance allowing 15 hits, including a homer to rival pitcher Lefty Tyler. The Giants were held in check by Tyler until the 9th when, trailing 4–0, they tie it up. Fred Merkle's homer is the big blow in the inning.

» August 20, 1916: Giants 1B Fred Merkle is traded to Brooklyn for C Lew McCarty. Brooklyn needs help because regular 1B Jake Daubert is hurt.

» September 26, 1926: The Browns beat the Yankees twice, 6–1 and 6–2, in a total time of two hours, seven minutes, a major-league record for a twinbill. The 2nd game is the fastest in American League history: 55 minutes. The Yanks total 19 hits, while the Browns collect 26 in the two games. Ruth has one at bat, then sits, and misses reliever George Sisler, who tosses two scoreless innings to finish for the Browns in game two and, when the Browns score four in the 8th, picks up the victory. Ruth has 47 homers—twice the runnerup, and also leads the AL with 139 runs, 155 RBI, and 144 bases on balls. Ruth is batting .372, 2nd to Detroit's Heinie Manush, who will go 6-for-9 on the last day to end at .378. Browns coach Jimmie Austin, 46 years old, participates in the nitecap and contributes to the win by knocking in a run with a double and then stealing home. He is not the oldest to steal a base (Arlie Latham, 50, in 1909), but he is the oldest to steal home. The Yankees use Fred Merkle in his final game. Merkle replaces Lou Gehrig at 1B in the 6th.

» May 30, 1927: Reading, PA, managed by Fred Merkle, defeats Baltimore in the International League to break its 32-game losing streak.

» September 23, 1998: Sosa breaks an 0–for–21 slump, hitting his 64th and 65th home runs as the Cubs build a 7–0 lead over the Brewers. Milwaukee fights back, however, and scores three in the last of the 9th when Chicago OF Brant Brown drops a routine fly ball with the bases loaded and two out in the 9th to allow three Brewers to score. Rod Beck is on the mound when the Merkle–like error occurs (Fred Merkle's boner occurred exactly 90 years ago). Milwaukee wins, 8–7, and the Cubs remain tied for the wild card spot with the Mets, who lose to Montreal, 3–0. With his eight total bases, Sammy has now topped the 400 mark.